Background: High-pressure Injections into the hand, burden devastating and permanent functional impairments. Manymaterialsincluding paint, paint thinner, gasoline, oil and grease are reported as the causative agents. These injuries need multiple proceduresand reconstructions most of the time and 40% of the injuries may end with amputation of the injured part. Objectives: The aim of this study was to report the treatment outcomes and methods of treatments of patients with high-pressureInjection injuries of the hand. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records, imaging filesanddemographic data of patients, whowere treated at ourcenter due to the high-pressure injuries to their hands. We recorded the kind of the injected materials, time to the first treatmentprocedure, times of operation, and methods of their treatments. The outcomes of the injuries as well as the deficiency of the digitaljoints motion were also reported. Results: Nine cases with high-pressure injury of the hand were enrolled in this study. All patients were male with mean age of 26. 88 7. 52. Mean follow-up time was 28. 55  12. 49 months. The dominant hand was the right side in seven patients and left in twopatients. Injury was in the left hand of seven patients and right hand of two patients. Index finger was the most common involvedpart (five cases) followed by the thumb (two cases). Injected material was grease in seven cases, water-base paint and water, each inone case. Mean time delay to the first treatment procedure was 29. 16 25. 66 hours for seven patients. This was exceptionally long fortwo patients (seven days and 24 months). Type of treatment was debridement and skin graft for three cases, debridement and crossfinger flap for two cases, debridement for two cases and nerve graft for one case. Amputation of the necrotic digit was performed forone case. Mean hospitalization time was 8. 33 3. 64 days for all patients. Mean total active range of motion (TAROM) deficit was 18. 57 13. 13 degrees for seven cases. In one case, mean deficit of II to IV fingers was 170. Seven cases returned to their previous occupation. There was no correlation between time to first treatment procedure and TAROM deficit. Conclusions: These benign-looking injuries should not be underestimated and classic management including immediate surgicaldecompression is recommended to minimize the functional impairments.

The combustion processes, engine performance, fuel consumption, exhaust-gas composition, and combustion noise in the diesel engine are closely linked to appropriate mixture of air-fuel in combustion chamber. The fuel-Injection parameters such as Injection start point, discharge rate curve, Injection time and Injection pressure are defined by the quality of the mixture formation. The numerical modeling is the common method of investigation of fuel pressure and its effects on the Injection quantity in the fuel system. In this study, one-dimensional common rail fuel Injection system was simulated in AMEsim software. The simulation results illustrated that the higher Injection pressure can lead to higher pressure fluctuations. Because of compressibility of fuel, its density increased with the increase of pressure, resulting in faster propagation of distribution in the whole high pressure tubes. The delay in closing the throat and moving the needle downwards, moreover, led to the difference between Injection time and solenoid stimulation in different pressures. Closing delay, also, increased with increasing pressure.

Intravitreal Injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti- VEGFs) have become more popular quickly in recent years. Bevacizumab is an anti- vascular endothelial growth factor agent (anti-VEGF) used to treat choroidal neovascularization and retinal vascular disorders. Rare long lasting ocular adverse events are reported in the intravitreal Injectionof this drug that include intraocular inflammation, retinal tears, vitreous hemorrhage, endophtalmitis, and lens changes. One important concern about intravitreal Injection of anti-VEGF drug is intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. There are two kinds of IOP elevation. First one is an acute elevation of IOP (after few minutes) and the second is delayed IOP elevation (after few months). The prevalence of IOP elevation immediately after Injection is significantly high and seems to have the potential risk for optic nerve fiber loss results in decreased vision but fortunately this IOP elevation seems to be transient in most of studies.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal Bevacizumab (IVB) Injection on sustained intraocular pressure (IOP).Methods: This non-randomized prospective study was conducted on 359 eyes of 359 patients in Amir Almomenin (Rasht) and Labbafinejad (Tehran) Hospitals. After history taking and complete ocular examination, IOP was measured one week and one day before Injection (twice at each session), and 1, 7 and 30 days after Injection (three times at each session). All IOP measurements were obtained by a single examiner.Results: Of all eyes, 306 eyes (159 right and 147 left eyes) of 306 patients (42.2% men, 57.8% women) were eligible for the study. Indications included diabetic retinopathy (277 eyes; 90.5 %), retinal vein occlusion (20 eyes; 6.5%), neovascular age related macular degeneration (9 eyes; 2.9%). No sustained increase in IOP was observed in the injected and non-injected fellow eyes. No significant association was found between the IOP elevation and subject gender or indications for Injection.Conclusion: IVB Injection in eyes without a history of glaucoma did not lead to a sustained increase in IOP during one month after Injection.

Although CO2 Injection is one of the most common methods in enhanced oil recovery, it could alter fluid properties of oil and cause some problems such as asphaltene precipitation. The maximum amount of asphaltene precipitation occurs near the fluid pressure and concentration saturation. According to the description of asphaltene deposition onset, the bubble point pressure has a very special importance in optimization of the miscible CO2 Injection. The purpose of this research is to predict the onset of asphaltene and bubble point pressure of fluid reservoir using artificial intelligence developed models including a software simulator called “Intelligent Proxy Simulator (IPS)” based on structure artificial neural networks and “adaptive neural fuzzy inference system”, which is a combination of fuzzy logic and neural networks. To evaluate the predictions by artificial intelligence networks at the onset of deposition, a solid model using Winprop software was employed. Standing correlations were used for comparison of bubble point pressure. The results obtained using artificial intelligence models in prediction of the onset of asphaltene deposition and bubble point pressure during Injection of CO2 were more accurate than those obtained from the thermodynamics Solid model and the Standing correlation respectively.

Experimental and numerical investigation of multihole gasoline direct Injection (GDI) sprays at high Injection pressure and temperature are performed. The primary objective of this study is to analyse the role of gas entrainment and spray plume interactions on the global spray parameters like spray tip penetration, spray angles and atomization. Three-hole 90° spray cone angle and six-hole 60° spray cone angle injectors are used for current work to examine the effect of the geometry of the injector on the spray interactions. The numerical results from Reynolds Average Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations show a reasonable comparison to experiments. The simulations provide further insight to the gas entrainment process highlights the fact that a stagnation plane is formed inside the spray cone which basically governs the semi collapse of spray that in turn affects the spray direction and cone angle.

Gas Injection is an common EOR method for increasing oil recovery factor. Since the Injection gas for such gas Injection project is easily available, for guarantee the economic feasibility of such a plan. In this study, the performance of gas Injection into one of the Iranian reservoirs is investigated. Three sets of core flood experiments were conducted. Each run was conducted at different composition and Injection pressure with respect to others. The results of experiments revealed the fact that the recovery efficiency depends strongly on the Injection pressure. It should also be noted that gas enrichment using components leading miscibility could increase the recovery. The optimum enrichment level was also an affecting factor, which controls the overall efficiency of gas Injection.In the last phase of this study, the minimum miscibility pressure of the injected gas and in-situ oil under operated conditions was calculated using simulation package. These simulation runs were conducted for different percentage of CO2 in injected gas. Results of these simulation runs were in a good agreement with experimental results. It was found that as the CO2 contents of the injected gas increased the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) decreased.

The one dimension computational model of a sequential Injection engine, which runs on compressed natural gas (CNG) with spark ignition, is developed for this study, to simulate the performance of gas flow pressure profile, under various speed conditions. The computational model is used to simulate and study of the steady state and transient processes of the intake manifold. The sequential Injection CNG engine model is developed using GT-Power software. The size of this model engine is developed from the real diesel engine data and was input into the software's' library. The simulation model engine runs with various speeds from 1000 up to 4000 rpm. The simulation results of the performance with gas flow pressure, in the intake manifold are collected from two data sets; the GT-Post post processing plots for pressure performance versus crank angle, and post processing cases RLT for pressure performance versus engine speed. The simulation results of the intake manifold and the performance of the gas flow pressure profile, with various engine speed, for the CNG sequential Injection engine are shown by characters. The pressure profile of the engine and the numerical accuracy of the model is verified and validated by comparing the average total of the intake manifold pressure, with the measured intake manifold pressure, of a CNG sequential Injection engine. The simulation results show that, the conversion of diesel engine to a CNG sequential Injection engine with spark ignition will increase the pressure performance in the intake manifold of the engine.

Purpose: To determine intraocular pressure (IOP) changes after intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab Injection administered for various retinal disorders. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 796 eyes of 574 patients receiving intravitreal ranibizumab (0. 5 mg) and/or bevacizumab (1. 25 mg) Injection for different retinal diseases from March 2009 to December 2016 was performed. Ocular hypertension (OHT) was defined as IOP >21 mmHg or an increase in IOP of >5 mmHg from the baseline. IOP at the baseline and at various time periods after the Injection was evaluated in the injected eyes and fellow control eyes. Results: One hundred and thirty‑ one eyes received either a single dose of bevacizumab or ranibizumab intravitreal Injection unilaterally, 222 patients received single Injection in both the eyes (n = 444 eyes), and 221 eyes received multiple doses of the Injection. OHT was noted in 11 eyes (1. 38%), of which 3 eyes (0. 38%) had transient OHT and 8 eyes (1%) had delayed and sustained OHT and among them, 3 eyes (0. 4%) progressed to glaucoma. PreInjection IOP was significantly higher in the treated eyes when compared to the control untreated eyes (P = 0. 006). Conclusions: Incidence of delayed and sustained OHT is low after a single or multiple intravitreal bevacizumab and ranibizumab Injections. Clinicians should be aware of possibility of OHT or glaucoma after the procedure.